Balance of Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Balance of Power - Essay Example To maintain the framework of power of balance from time to time force can be used in the areas support of the law. That may mean that it is used in maintain of the civil power or it may mean that it is used to set up an environment in which the rule of law becomes promising .The use of force is not good except it is in support of some concept of order. To give justification for hostility we be grateful to pray to the strength of the international system," the sacred soil of the homeland, the significant fortune of the country, the rule of international law, the magnetism of making the world safe for democracy, civilization, socialism or something similar" (A. Wendt, Summer 1995, pp. 77-81). International law is the exacting shape of order we have adopted to enable us to run a global economy; however Force is what recognized that order. Force perhaps lawful or illegal; it possibly intelligent or stupid; it may be in the benefit of the international community or not; however questions in relation to whether it is legal or not seem - at this phase of world olden times at least - simply dull. During domestic interaction individual does not inquire if an establishment is officially permitted or not. Balance of power can be defined as a structure to keep up a position quo wherever no alter in the presented supremacy system is made-up to occur. The perception of balance of power does not rule out the make use of menace or confrontation. It is primarily a system of manage and preventing transform to occur through maintenance aggressors in check.'Power is the ability to exercise influence and the ability to prevent influence from being exercised over oneself.' (Singer, 1972:54) We be alive in a world which is even more defenseless. Primary, it is weak for the reason that it is unlock along with since cross-border deal, journey as well as communication has not at all been easier. Subsequent, it is helpless as, in the midst of the international partition of labor in an always additional aggressive global economy, we function on progressively more very well limits of fault. It requires a great deal fewer responsibility sober financial harm to today's world than was the case thirty years before. "11 September together made understandable how a good deal injure a small faction might do to our humanity, and at the identical point in time provided a influential illustration with the intention of control the thoughts of the disaffected on behalf of decades toward approach. Nowadays, still, the potential of assault on an highly developed civilization all the way through substance, organic otherwise electronic resources are more and more accessible to persons or smal l groups. In a neither unlock civilization, neither the acquaintance nor the materiel compulsory to be able to reserved barely in the hands of Local administration. 11 September has revealed us what theses small groups are capable of be done lacking with a few of the function-built technologies of mass demolition; in the coming days demolition might be even further demoralizing. We are blessed to facilitate the instances of the two imminent together are so far relatively limited. " (J. Gilson, 'New interregionalism The EU and East Asia', European Integration, vol. 27, no. 3, September 2005, pp. 307-26) Factor affecting Balance of power From the time when unlike financial expansion charge apparently

Unusual Characters Essay Example for Free

Unusual Characters Essay All Of Roald Dahls Stories You Have Studied Contain An Unusual Character. Write About The Ways Dahl Presents Any Two Or Three Of These Characters To The Reader Foundation Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Wales. He spent his first fifteen years of his life writing for adults. However, hes more famous for his childrens stories. Dahl said a little nonsense now and then is cherished by the widest man. He meant that everyone needs a little fun in their lives. Most people didnt know that Dahl scripted the 1967 James Bond film You Only Live Twice, and co-wrote the 1968 film of another Ian Fleming book, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Also Dahls popularity with children and adults alike is enduring and in a recent poll he beat JK Rowling to the accolade of Britains favourite author. Dahls stories are so popular that Charlie and the Chocolate Factory have been made into films several times. Mrs. Maloney Lamb to the slaughter At the start of the story Mrs. Maloney is a housewife who dotes on her husband. She loved to luxuriate in the presence of this man. Its like sitting down with her husband is a treat for her, which means that she doesnt often spend time with her husband. She seems like a perfect wife and portrayed as an angel at the start when shes waiting for her husband. She had acquired a wonderful translucent quality. This illustrates further that she is very calm and content. When he comes home she notices that there is something wrong with her husband. He did an unusual thing. She becomes worried and starts asking questions. When her husband tells her the news, she seems in a trance. Watching him with a kind of dazed horror. She acts like a ghost afterwards, she cant control what she does and everything is automatic. She walked across the room she couldnt feel her feet touching the floor. When Mrs. Maloney hits Mr. Maloney with the leg of lamb and he falls to the ground its like she snaps out of the trance and then changes from her angel act to an unsettled character, leaving the reader intrigued as to how she will now start behaving and what she is capable of. She then comes to her senses and starts to think of an alibi for herself. She recites her act as she gets ready to go out. She rehearsed it several times more. She does this so that everything came natural and the grocer wouldnt suspect anything. When she walks home she told herself Keep things absolutely natural and therell be no need for any acting at all. This shows that she is trying to convince herself that she wasnt responsible for her actions. It is too fantastical that unordinary, loving housewife would be able to commit such an act. , it wasnt her who killed Mr. Maloney. When she sees her husband on the ground, her action was automatic. She felt all the old love and longing come back and her emotions were real. After she rings the police and they arrive, she acts like the devoted loving wife she was at the start. Mrs. Maloney acts smart and sophisticated style towards the end of the story. Knowing that the officers would be hungry she offers the lamb to them. She knew that they wouldnt refuse as her husband were good friends with them. Good friends of dear Patrick. Right at the end of the story Mary Maloney giggles to herself knowing that she got away with what shes done and will never get caught. Carlos Man From The South In the beginning Carlos is portrayed as an unusual, but pleasant person. He is dressed differently from everyone else. Immaculately dressed in a white suit. Its showing that e is standing out apart from everyone. He seems normal because his politely asks the man to sit down and starts a conversation about Jamaica. When the young man and woman come and sit with the men, things started to get peculiar. Carlos asks for a light, as the young man comments on his lighter, its as if Carlos saw this as an opportunity to turn nothing into something. You say dis famous lighter it never fails. Iss dat what you say? The reader asks why Carlos is so obsessed with the lighter. As soon as the man seems interested he put his car up as the bait, and asks the man for his finger if he loses. Why not? You win, you take de car. You lose, I take de finger. He says this as if it is normal and gets the reader thinking and keen to find out how this scenario will be played out. When the young man agrees to the bet, Carlos organises everything as if hes done it before like a childs game. As soon as they start the bet, everyone feels uneasy and they start counting down. Three! Four! Five! Six! Roald Dahl uses these short sentences for the suspense. As they counted 8 a woman comes in, probably his wife. She then realises whats going on and starts shaking him as a mother would to a child. She then apologises to everyone and they realises there thought was right, he had done this before. I come back and he is at it again. She then explains the reason why they were in Jamaica and what hes done. She knows his ways and guessed right that he bet a car. At this point the readers are thinking how she knows this. Towards the end she explains that she herself was one of his victims. As a matter of fact I myself won it all from him a long while ago. Conclusion The man from the south is more unusual than Mary Maloney in land for slaughter. This is because at the start of the story it seems normal and set in a realistic place. It only starts to get weird after they make the bet Carlos asks for his fingers if he loses. The story is better than Lamb For Slaughter because its written in first person, it makes the reader seems they are in the story. Roald Dahl makes the story more exciting by counting down the time the man flicked the lighter. The end of the story makes it more unusual because the reader would never expect his wife to one of his victims, losing three fingers. Kelsey Gutierrez English Language Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Explain The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Church Religion Essay

Explain The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Church Religion Essay INTRODUCTION In explaining the strengths and weaknesses of the early church and how they compare to the church today, I am going to look at a number of areas showing the strengths of the early church and the strengths of the church today. I will also look at the weaknesses of the early church and the church of today. While looking at these strengths and weaknesses of the church I will also make comparisons between the strengths and the weaknesses of the early church and the church in the 21st century. STRENGTHS OF THE EARLY CHURCH AND THE CHURCH TODAY Prayer is very important aspect of our day to day living as a church and as individuals. Prayer helps us understand that a critical decision made without asking God will not succeed. The early church understood this principle and never made a step or decision unless God said yes and because the disciples had been with Jesus and seeing the many times He isolated Himself to pray and also seeing the strength and power He gained after made believe and know that without prayer it was impossible to do anything. In Acts 12:1-18 Peter had been taken to prison by Herods soldiers and at this time the church knew what to do and who to consult concerning this issue meaning that the church earnestly prayed for Peters The early church prayed before preaching, travelling and appointing different people for ministry. The church today practices the same principle of prayer before making any decisions. The church today understands that if they dont pray and commit their plans in to the hands of God th ey will not succeed.  [1]   FOCUSED ON THE TRUTH The early church stood on the truth, they even told those who questioned them and persecuted them that they only obeyed God and not man. They church founded by the apostles understood what the truth was not only because they had an on pouring of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost but because they also had been with the Lord Jesus Christ throughout His ministry to the time He was crucified to the time He ascended to heaven. While the church today seems very reluctant concerning the truth, the church today tends to combine the truth of the word of God and science. FEARLESS The early church where not afraid to share the gospel at any time to anyone as the Holy Spirit led them. The early church where very bold, that they could even preach and minister before the Sanhedrin, the Pharisees and leaders of different regions who opposed the Good News. The church of today has a lot of fear especially when it comes to soul winning, we have the so called submarine Christians who afraid of what people will say about them, such that they cannot minister to a President or any person who leads a region. The church today allows the fears of being mocked and undermined to keep them from sharing the Good News. In the era of todays church there are few individuals who are fearless to minister to the lost. MARTYERDOM The early church where not afraid to die for Christ and most of where either stoned, or had their heads chopped of and others where crucified. The early church did not run away from those who wanted to kill them but they looked for an opportunity to minister salvation to their persecutors. The church today has a different situation all together. The church today has the right to share the gospel to anyone because the laws of the nations today allow people the right to practise their own faiths and religions. The church of today has more, freedom to live as Christians and even preach the Good News and they will not be killed, but there are some nations who still kill Christians today and everyday one more of these precious people of God are being martyred.  [2]   THE POWER OF GOD The power of God was always dominate in the lives the early church body. They depended on it for everything they did and because most of them where eyewitnesses of the life of Christ and seeing how Jesus was always full of the power of God in all that He said and did. There are interesting scenes in the Bible that tell us of how these powerful men and women of God were mightily used by the power of God. The power of God is dominate even in the church today but not in all the churches. There is less manifestation of the power of God and more of the flesh and man doing what he she thinks is right, God often taken out of the big picture which is causing a lot struggle between the power of God and enemy. WEAKNESSES OF THE EARLY CHURCH AND THE CHURCH TODAY DIVISIONS IN THE CHURCH The early church at first where very united but as time passed there was a lot of division in the church. The apostle Paul rebuked some of the brothers in the church telling that they should not divide themselves and say that I am for Paul and I am for Apollos but that they should remember that they belong to Christ. There is a lot of division in the church today because the only thing people talk about is I belong to pastor and another to pastor, even the very leaders of the churches today are divided. Most of the believers today despise and hate certain brothers and love certain brothers, but the Bible mentions that believers should practise favouritism. SEXUAL IMMORALITY Some the believers in the early church where committing having sex outside marriage and the apostle Paul sent a message or word of correction to them concerning this issue. Sexual immorality is very common in the church today and because our society encourages people to live together when they are not married,  [3]   this makes it very difficult to abstain from sex before marriage and because even the leaders of the church today also commit this type of sin it is hard for them to tell people not do it. FALSE APOSTLES Some people joined the early church and began to mislead many of the believers to go astray and return to their old practises. This issue caused a lot of tension even between the apostle Paul and Peter. Paul confuted Peter on the issue of being circumcised in order to be part of the body of Christ. Paul was against the spirit of gaining salvation through works he said because Jesus died on the cross and rose again and he took away all our sins not because of what we did, but because through the resurrection of our Lord Jesus we were saved. There are more false teachers and prophets who exist in the church today than in the early church. The body of believers today mostly want to hear what they want to hear even if its not true as long as its pleasing to the hear they believe it, this makes it hard to make distinction between a true prophet and a false unless one is mature and has the spirit of discernment. LOVE OF MONEY The believers in the early church shared their possessions and gave to all who were in need and because of this Godly practise no one was in need. Although everybody sold their properties in order to give their money to the needy, there were some people who were greedy and did not stick to their commitment and lied to the Holy Spirit, such people dropped dead in the presence of God before the whole church, thus the believers were committed in whatever they said they would for God and their fellow brethren. The church has a lot of selfish leaders and selfish members everyone has his or her own worries and they always want more very hesitant in giving in the church and giving to the poor.  [4]   CONCLUSION The strengths of the early church are more than their weaknesses. The early church practised some important morals that should be practised by the church of today. There was more commitment to Gods work than there is today, because the church today is often moved by physical surrounding than the spirit surrounding, forgetting that our fight is not against man but against the enemy. There is also a lot of greed in the church to than there was in the early church. The church today needs revival, they need to be winning souls for Christ.  [5]  

L.A. Confidential :: essays research papers

L.A. Confidential   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  L.A. Confidential is a movie of cops that are more corrupt than the criminals they arrest. Throughout the movie Bud White is portrayed to have a personal hatred for women abusers despite becoming enraged and hitting Lynn Bracken. At the beginning of the movie, Bud and two other officers are seen sitting in a car, observing a man beating his wife. Officer White gets out of the car, approaches the house, and then pulls the family’s Christmas decorations from the roof. When the man comes outside to see what is making all the noise is about, Bud White immediately begins to beat him. Afterwards, Bud handcuffs the man to a rail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In another scene from the movie Bud White is seen leaving a bar. When Bud exits the bar, he notices a woman, with bandages on her nose, sitting in a car with two men. Bud approaches the car to investigate. In the process, the driver jumps out of the car and tells him to get lost. Then Bud White beats him up. Bud is thinking that someone has abused the woman, when in actuality the woman had been hit in the face with a tennis racket. Throughout the movie Bud is seen beating the information out of suspects. Such as when he is seen at a bar squeezing a man’s testicles until the man told him the information that he wanted to hear. During an interrogation at the precinct, Bud White hears a suspect confessing to have raped a girl. The officer in the room is having trouble getting the criminal to tell him where the girl is, so Bud storms into the room, and pins the guy against the wall and puts a gun in his mouth until the guy tells him where the girl can be found. He became enraged and lost control when he found out Exley and Lynn had slept together. He went to Lynn’s house and overcome by anger hit her. After hitting her he realized that he had done something he never wanted to do which was hit a woman. Bud White’s hate toward women beaters seems to have come from seeing his mother beat to death by his father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although White is portrayed as being brainless in the beginning of the movie, by the end of the movie he had proven himself to be intelligent. He is seen as being a tough cop with no brains.

Henry V as War Poet

There are many different attitudes to war: pacifists find it morally outrageous and unnecessary, others a necessity to protect and defend their own country and that of others. During the life of Shakespeare the security of the King on his throne was unstable. Defending the throne and social stability through war was imperative. This is reflected thematically in ‘Henry V', with Shakespeare promoting the King as a divinely appointed ruler and encouraging acceptance of this. Throughout ‘Henry V' there are very strong references to God, sin and salvation. War is viewed as a moral and spiritual means of upholding the status quo. With this in mind, ‘Henry V' opens with the mature king, ‘The mirror of all Christian kings', seeking justification for declaring war on France, with Henry asking the Archbishop if God is happy with his claim to the French throne. ‘May I with right and conscience make this claim? ‘ Henry, asking the Archbishop for support as King of England, demonstrates his desire to fight in the name of God, confirming that God's appointed monarch is bound by spiritual laws. Later on in the play we learn of Henry's other justification for war: honour. He says he is not interested in gold – he only wants honour and glory for his country. ‘But if it be a sin to covet honour, then I am the most offending soul alive. ‘ Henry will not proceed with war unless his decision to fight is justified by the Church. No longer will he be reckless in conflict, as he was in his younger days. Before battle Henry prays; following success he offers thanks. War is viewed as both necessary, justifiable and sanctioned by God. Despite this spiritual view, war is also promoted as a ‘game' and a noble adventure, a means to bond with ‘dear friends'. Having been given tennis balls as a provocative insult, war is seen as the inevitable consequence and Henry declares war, by saying ‘the game's afoot'. This metaphor of war being a game continues through the whole play, despite the fact that it is a wicked and bloody ‘game' which results in horrific suffering and bloodshed. Interestingly, Jessie Pope,a jingoistic war poet, also represented war as a great adventure game that all boys should embark on, as seen in her poem ‘Who's For The Game? . She specifically addresses the younger generation in her chatty tone with lines such as ‘Come on, lads. ‘ and personifies the country as a female, with the attitude that the men should be protecting and serving her. She appeals to the protective instinct and the patriotic desires of the individual by doing this, by saying ‘Your country is up to her neck in a fight, and she's looking and calling for you'. The poem is structured with rhetorical questions which aim to persuade and encourage men to join force and fight. As a propaganda poem, the horrors of war are evaded and the idea of a fun game promoted with vivid description and verbs. ‘The red crashing game of a fight? ‘ Before Harfleur, Henry is also at his rhetorical best to unite and inspire his ‘team'. War is regarded as an inherited duty. ‘On, on, you noblest English. Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof! ‘. Repetition is used as a means of encouragement, with Henry stressing the words ‘On, on' to urge his soldiers forward, and alliterating the ‘f' sound stresses that fighting and carrying on from their fathers preserves family honour and security. It is better to die fighting for England, to ‘close the wall up with our English dead', then be cowardly, as Rupert Brooke reinforces when he says ‘There shall be in that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust which England bore, shaped, made aware'. In these quotations it is clear that the products of England have the duty to fight and defend their motherland, or at least die honourably trying. Similarly, Brooke justifies war by stressing people were duty bound to fight for their country. He too believed that England made him who he was and it was his duty to protect it. ‘A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware. In this sense, Brooke also believed that he was a possession belonging to England and that he owed a debt to his country. ‘Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given'. Henry's persuasive speech stresses this same idea. ‘Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture'. ‘The Soldier' promotes patriotism by focussing on the beauty of the country rather than the actual fighting – rather ironic for a war poem. As in ‘Henry V', there is the idea present that England is superior and worth more than other countries, as shown by the use of the word ‘rich'. and in that rich dust a richer dust concealed', the dust being Brooke's remains. The poem is Brooke's personal narrative; about him giving his body back to England. ‘gives back the thoughts by England given' Patriotism would encourage a man to fight, courage is an essential quality to survive! War is promoted as an act of courage. Most of Henry's key speeches in the play, such as the charge of Harfleur and the one delivered on St Crispians day, were designed to raise spirits and work up courage. One prominent idea, especially in the St Crispians day speech, is that the fewer men there are, the ‘greater share of honour'. Henry also tells his soldiers not to fear death, saying that it would be honourable to die for their country. ‘If we are mark'd to die, we are enow to do our country loss'. At times Henry dissolves his powers of status and leadership to become one of the ‘brother's'. He labels him and his soldiers a ‘happy few', a ‘band of brothers', rather than calling them an army and presenting them as a unit that's not only hostile and foreign to the attackers but also to each other. He uses pronouns such as ‘we' and ‘us' rather than ‘I' and ‘you'. This demonstrates equality and unites the army to encourage the bonds of ‘brotherhood' between them – a clever rhetorical tactic to persuade and encourage soldiers to rise above their individual circumstances and differences and become a more robotic mass. In contrast, poets such as Owen and Graves deliberately focus on the individual, whereas Henry encourages his soldiers to lose their individuality for the sake of England. This is seen as a clever leadership tactic: leading under the guise of not purely following a leader, but of everyone being of equal status. War is instinctively a natural act of defence, and is Henry's first thought when he is insulted. When provoked, animals attack, as shown in the imagery of Act 3, Scene 2. Henry tells his soldiers that when they hear ‘the blast of war', their first actions should be those of the tiger, acknowledging an aggressive and instinctive side to these men. ‘Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood'. According to Henry, these animalistic tendencies should dominate them in this fight. ‘Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage'. War is a glorious and natural defending action to these men, and they have to be prepared to follow and encourage this instinct. Like Pope and Brooke, Wilfred Owen and Robert Graves were patriotic, but when they saw firsthand the horrors of war their attitude changed. Graves' poem ‘A Dead Boche' details his change in attitude. ‘Today I found in Mametz Wood, a certain cure for a lust for blood'. War may be an expression of courage, patriotism, honour, but to Graves â€Å"War's Hell! â€Å", as declared in â€Å"A Dead Boche'. Grave's focuses on the torment of an individual soldier, meaning that the ravages of war cannot be sidestepped. No one can view the â€Å"Big-bellied, spectacled, crop-haired, Dribbling† wounded man as honourably and happily dying and returning to the soil of his home country. We are forced to see the horror of war, a horror which Henry cleverly acknowledges but as the fate of the enemy and the consequence of arousing his anger: When the siege of Harfleur fails, Henry attempts to bluff his way into the city by painting a vivid picture of what will happen if the French do not surrender. Defile the locks of your shrill shrieking daughters; Your father's†¦ reverend heads dash'd to the walls'. The use of onomatopoeia and alliteration in ‘shrill shrieking' emphasises the outrageously violent consequences of war. Nature imagery is also used in the line ‘mowing like grass your fresh-fair virgins'. The image of mowing grass usually creates nice images of the springtim e and getting the earth ready for blooming, however here the simile creates a dark image, as we are not mowing grass – we are ‘mowing' through and cutting down ‘flowering infants', indeed the innocent in war. Henry is presenting war as a punishment, not just to the French soldiers, but even to the non-participants in the fighting as well as the Shakespearean audience. In his speech he emphasises the attacks on the most helpless and innocent people in the community, such as the ‘fresh-fair virgins', describing graphic deaths involving rape and mindless violence. Henry has an attitude towards this war that lets him believe that God will not see them as sinning – ‘with conscience wide as Hell' – because this invasion has been sanctioned by Him, and as a result he is prepared to do anything to fulfil his claim. However, the reader and the audience of this play must wonder if God is used as an excuse by Henry because what kind of God would sanction such Hell on earth? ‘Who's For The Game' and ‘The Soldier' give justifications for war – defending your country and owing a debt to it respectively. However, Wilfred Owen, another war poet, failed to give any justification in his poems, purely because he didn't see the reasons behind war! He aimed to show the reality and horrors of war in his poems for all participants, the most notable being ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est'. Owen questions how such pain and degradation be justified. In his poem ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth', Owen presents a world devoid of divine order and intervention; a hell on earth. This was the reality of the ‘war hero' stories about those heroically dying to protect their country. ‘no prayers nor bells' There are no bells ringing worshippers to Church to glorify God, and the only choir is that of ‘wailing shells'. Religious imagery is used to highlight the horrific, hellish reality. All the weapons in this poem are personified – ‘wailing shells' ‘monstrous anger of the guns' – implying the attitude that war is not a natural phenomenon – it is completely man-made destruction here. This attitude starkly contrasts with Henry's viewpoint in his prayers and speeches, as he believes that war is a natural part of all men and therefore life. ‘The mirror of all Christian Kings' also sees God as his motivation, inspiration and his protector, and God is listed first in his battle cry as they charge toward glory. ‘God for Harry, England, and Saint George! ‘ Henry cleverly presents war as only being hell for the French with the English glorious in battle or death. Henry deliberately focusses on collective disgusting images, such as ‘I will not leave the half-achieved Harfleur till in her ashes she lie buried. ‘, which is a threat not just to individuals such as the Governor but to the whole city itself. Using such images takes the emphasise off the true foulness of war that poets such as Owen and Graves aimed to put into the light. Henry uses collective images to take the focus off his individual weakened soldiers, plagued with casualties and illness. During his bluff the focus is not on the actual torment that the ‘knock kneed†¦ hags' that had been ‘cursing through sludge' (as soldiers were described by Wilfred Owen) were going through. The focus in on the potential horror in the images of rape and mindless violence evoked by Henry that stop people such as the Governor from looking at the army that may not even be able to carry out such an attack too closely. On the whole, ‘Henry V' glorifies war. It is represented as an opportunity to display courage, heroism and brotherhood. The consequences of war are addressed in some poignant speeches, yet still the audience marvels at Henry and his army. Patriotic poets such as Jessie Pope are similarly sparing with their images, intent to encourage conscription and bravery, whereas the horrific truth about war is starkly presented by Wilfred Owen in his poems such as ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est' and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth'. Overall, war is war, but there are many different attitudes to the event, and some – when presented in the right way – ultimately prevail, much like Henry and the English did over the French with simply a few words.

Measuring Aspects of Personality †Psychology Essay

Measuring Aspects of Personality – Psychology Essay Free Online Research Papers Measuring Aspects of Personality Psychology Essay Personality is defined as an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits. A person is made up of many different qualities and behavioral characteristics that make him distinctively him. The concept of personality stems from the assumption that a person is fairly consistent in the ways he perceives and deals with life across situations. Personality is measured in various different ways, usually categorized according to the particular traits that a person possesses. Research on personality ranges from sexual, social, or personal behavior tendencies to the examination of the different body types and other biological aspects. Over the years, psychologists from diversely different approaches have come up with innumerable theories for measuring personality. Some of the most well-known include the â€Å"Big 5† theory by McCrae and Costa, Roger’s Person-Centered theory, and Sheldon’s biological theory. The first theory is known as the â€Å"Big 5† by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. They simplified the concept of personality and came up with the idea of a five-factor model. They asserted that the majority of personality traits can be categorized into five higher-order traits: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Extraversion is characterized by talkative, sociable, fun-loving, affectionate behavior. Agreeableness is distinguished by sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative character. Conscientiousness usually entails ethical, dependable, productive, and purposeful demeanor. Neuroticism is used to describe anxious, insecure, guilt-prone, and self-conscious conduct. Lastly, openness to experience characterizes daring, nonconforming, imaginative people who show unusually broad interests. By measuring these five basic traits, McCrae and Costa believed that a person’s personality could be sufficiently described. Accordin g to this â€Å"Big 5† theory, I feel that I am moderately extroverted, highly agreeable, emotionally stable, fairly conscientious, and largely open to experience. I feel that I am neither disengaged nor overly gregarious. I enjoy being around people, but also take pleasure in spending time alone. I consider myself to be an extremely agreeable person; I have a strong interest in others’ needs and well-being. I believe that I tend to put other’s interests above my own. I think myself to be a sympathetic, cooperative, and pleasant person. I also believe myself to be an emotionally stable person. I am sensitive, but strong. I think that I deal with stressful and frustrating situations fairly well. Although certain things upset me, I am fairly optimistic. I also consider myself to be sensibly conscientious. I am not an impulsive person; I tend to think things through carefully before making most decisions. Although I appreciate spontaneity and â€Å"living in the m oment†, I am also quite dependable and responsible with my duties. Despite my frequently cluttered room, I would categorize myself as a perfectionist. I tend to become extremely irritated when things are not organized and planned. I am open to experience, which indicates that I like novelty, variety, and change. I am fond of art, and prefer to use my creativity and imagination whenever possible. Unlike the â€Å"Big 5† personality theory, the Person-Centered theory by Carl Rogers is developed from a humanistic perspective. Humanistic psychologists stress the potential for good in all people. Rogers believed that personality centered on the self-concept, which is known as a collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. In other words, his theory was based on the idea of a person’s self-perception of their own personality. He believed that individuals strived to make their personality as consistent as possible with their self-concept. He called the difference between one’s self-concept and one’s reality incongruence. He claimed that people would attempt to show their favorable self-concept by ignoring or distorting certain experiences that are contradictory, or even doing certain things to prove that their self-concept is accurately describing their actual personality. According to Roger’s theory , I would be adequately congruent with my self-concept, most likely due to the parental acceptance bestowed to me since birth. I know that I am worthy of affection. I see myself as an even-tempered, kind, generous, sensitive, warm-hearted, agreeable individual; therefore I unconsciously strive to be thus. A third personality theory arises from the biological approach to psychology. It is vastly different in concept from the â€Å"Big 5† and Person-Centered theories formerly addressed. It was first proposed by William Sheldon, and is founded on the assumption that body type greatly influences personality. He categorized different people’s body types into three types: endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic. Endomorphy refers to fat, round, soft body types. Mesomorphic bodies were hard, strong, and muscular. Ectomorphy was characterized by thin, flat, frail bodies. Sheldon believed that behavior was determined by these physiques. He claimed that Endomorphic bodies were usually relaxed, affectionate, even-tempered, and sociable people. Mesomorphy was associated with energy, competitiveness, aggression, bondness, and a usually domineering personality. Ectomorphic people were supposedly inhibited, apprehensive, intellectual, introverted, and self-conscious. According to She ldon, I would have probably belonged to the endomorphic category. Although his theories are accurate in my case, his findings are severely flawed. The concept of personality is used to explain how and why people differ. It explains the consistency in the personal traits of certain individuals, as well as the behavioral differences among people thrust into similar situations. It explains how and why people tend to behave, feel, and think in certain situations. How personality should be measured is still, to an extent, a widely ambiguous question according to our current knowledge of it. Different theories like those mentioned above all contradict the rest, and the nature of personality, alongside all its aspects, is irresolute. 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