Mrs. Wickham A Moral Outward Appearance - 1635 Words

The third satirical example Austen employs in her novel to reflect Regency society’s manner-based stereotypes is with her character Mr. Wickham. Despite his black heart and poor morality, Mr. Wickham has a way with words and is able to smooth talk his way in and out of every situation. His good looks and manners establish a moral outward appearance in the society. Elizabeth admits in her personal monologue while in denial of Mr. Darcy’s revelations in his letter that, â€Å"His countenance, voice, and manner had established him at once in the possession of every virtue. She had tried to recollect some instance of goodness†¦ But no such recollection befriended her† (Austen 236). To Elizabeth, Mr. Wickham at first appears to be the example of an amiable man in terms of manners and morality; however, she solely bases her judgment on her first impression, â€Å"Elizabeth’s emotional commitment to her belief in Wickham’s good character is such, how ever, that she undertakes to convince herself that her friend’s manners are at all times unexceptionable, that he always her model of the amiable and pleasing† (Bloom 17). In addition to fooling Regency society, Wickham is even able to fool Austen’s intelligent protagonist, Elizabeth. Wickham realizes her abhorrence for Mr. Darcy at the Netherfield Ball, and is able to use that prejudice to exact his appearance of morality. By telling Elizabeth the fake horrors Darcy inflicted upon him, Elizabeth takes pity and trusts Wickham, a huge mistake sheShow MoreRelatedThe Austen Marriage1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe females in Pride and Prejudice have their moral values reflected in their marriage. They each have a predetermined standard – whether it is love or monetary gain, or superficial or complex – of what constitutes a marital relationship. According to Zimmerman, â€Å"the character from whose point of view much of the action is seen is Elizabethâ €  (67). She is either the one being married or is the one giving opinion on another’s marriage. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth as the crux of the plot’s movementRead More Irony in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay3430 Words   |  14 Pagesbecomes ironic when one realizes IT is a truth universally acknowledged. The first character to express sarcasm and irony is Mr. Bennett. Austen brings forth the irony of her opening thesis in his sarcastic speech. The opening dialogue between Mr. Bennett and his wife is a worthy example. She comments on a man leasing a piece of property, Netherfield Park. Mr. Bennett shows very little interest in her story. His disinterest perturbs her and she asks him if he wants to know who has rented theRead MoreEssay about Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice2664 Words   |  11 PagesIn Sense and Sensibility this moral change is obvious in Elinor and Marianne. The development of these adolescents into mature, reasonable adults is a gradual transformation seen in Sense and Sensibility. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy begin Pride and Prejudice as arrogant and biased adults and end the story as liberal minded individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Sense and Sensibility the family has been forced to move from the plush lap of luxury into a more modest setting. Mr. Dashwood has just passed awayRead MoreSocial Norms and Values in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice2819 Words   |  12 Pagestruly a lady or a gentleman. Both ladies and gentlemen were expected to be considerate to others, respectful towards those less powerful than themselves, courteous, and in control of their manners and appearance at all times. Flaunting one’s power was seen as rude and arrogant, and control over outward emotion was imperative. One of the primary examples of how Austen shows the values associated with a gentleman occurs with regard to Elizabeth’s early reactions to Darcy. Although rich, Darcy’s behaviorRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 PagesMr. Bennet and the Failures of Fatherhood in Jane Austens Novels Author(s): Mary A. Burgan Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 1975), pp. 536552 Published by: University of Illinois Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27707956 . Accessed: 29/08/2012 00:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR isRead MoreSatire in Jane Austens Pride in Prejudice Essay3688 Words   |  15 Pagesbeing mentioned in the next sentence† (Selznick 92). The ridiculousness of the value placed upon money – of which the middle class has very little – is evident as Austen progresses the story and the relationships between her characters – namely between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. The fact that, in Austen’s time, the society revolved around the gentry – whose entire idea of class and power involved money – makes it easier for the audience reading Pride and Prejudice to understand why she has satirized this

Social Media Is An Instrument Of Mass Interaction

Introduction:- In today’s world social media is popular amongst everyone. It is a medium to make friends, share, emotions, thoughts and ideologies, post pictures, or participate in social debates, etc. Social media is also able to help the government, organisations and businesses alike, to interact with their clients, suppliers and other third parties. To understand the meaning of social media it is important to understand the basic principles that lay its foundations. - Media – as in an instrument for communication to the masses like newspaper, televisions, radio, and in the most recent times the internet. - Social – as in the interaction between people, as beings that require companionship. So social media is an instrument of mass interaction, a way for organisations and people to communicate with each other in a social and public sphere. Some popular examples in the current society of social media platforms are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Myspace, Flickr, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, Google+, Tumblr, etc. This report hopes to demonstrate why businesses should use this medium, how they do so and in what ways can small businesses hope to optimise this platform, toward growing their business and customer base. Why Businesses Use Social Media Current businesses use social media several ways - to increase their brand awareness, boost their products, to achieve a desired brand perception. 1. A report by eMarketer (2013) says that by 2017 there will be 2.55 billionShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Self Concept Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals play in our lives; later, in the game stage, we can understand the roles of several different people simultaneously in our lives, when we can participate in complex team games such as football or soccer. According to Mead s (1972) symbolic interaction approach, game playing is an illustration of children s becoming a member of society. In a game, children initiate their socialization process and development of self-concept by taking the roles of others. Children often create invisible, imaginaryRead MoreMead s Theory Of Self And Society1518 Words   |  7 PagesMead s Theory of Self and Society According to this theory, Mead suggested that people live in a world that is in a large part constructed in accordance with social and societal norms. He believed that objects, events, and behaviors come from the interpretation people give them, and interpretations vary from one group to another. In specific, the meaning of objects, events, and behaviors comes from the meaning people give these objects events, and behavior; thus, the interpretations may certainlyRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society1195 Words   |  5 Pagesaudience† (Fearing, F. 1954), the social impacts of communications via mass media have been a subject of intense research by political and social scientists. This literature review intends to examine the major theories and perspectives on mass media with regard to its impact on society, which existed throughout the 1950’s and 70’s. Special attention will be given to the subjects of human social development, distribution of power, and human knowledge. Human social development has, without doubt, transformedRead MoreThe Sociological Aspects Of The Media And Popular Culture Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe media influences how people experience social life. Media such as newspaper, television and film, are important sources of information, education and entertainment. It can be used to learn more about the world and the people in it. In this regard it can be said that the media represent, interpret and endorse aspects of social experience (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler, 2005). The media are also implicated in social regulation, or in other terms, the government of society. The media are implicatedRead MoreContent analysis of 9 creative concepts Essays1470 Words   |  6 Pages 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Declaration 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Quantitative content analysis 4 3. Media audience theory 4 4. Questionnaires surveys in media research 7 5. Self assessment and self reflection 9 Sources consulted 10 Declaration I hereby declare that this assignment is my original work, written by me and that is my own effort and that no part has beenRead MoreHow Social Media Has Become A Trusted Means Of Information Better Than Traditional Method918 Words   |  4 Pages Social media’ consist of two words. Social refers to communication among individual or group of people. Media which means to advertise and communicate ideas or information through newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Social media is a means of connecting people together through social network. It started in 1978 during the first bulletin board system was exchanged over phone with other users. When internet took off, consumers started to voiceRead MoreMaking Meanings Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿CURTIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MEDIA, CULTURE AND CREATIVE ARTS ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET To be attached to all assignments (ALL SECTIONS MUST BE COMPLETED) STUDENT NAME:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................. STUDENT ID:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ UNIT NAME AND NUMBER:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DUE DATE:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. WORD COUNT:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1408†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TUTORIAL DAY ANDRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking975 Words   |  4 Pages Social media, according to (Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein, 2009) is a mass of internet based application that builds on the technology and content foundation of Web 2.0 and which allows the creation and exchange of user generated content. Social media is an internet base tool that increases information sharing. 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A poll conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People and Press found in the United States that television ranks number one as the leading source of daily news followed by newspapers, radio, and the internet. Knowledge has never been so easily accessible than it is now, with the latest news being available to us, whenever

Cross Cultural Differences and Communication †Free Samples

management Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Differences and Communication. Answer: In the era of globalization, cross-cultural communication deserves immediate critical attention, as companies from different parts across the globe participate in global trade, and lack of cultural awareness amongst the employees, both the natives and the expatriates, has been identified as a chief reason behind organizational failure. The reviewed research articles clearly established that although shared profitability or difference in time-zone often impede the smooth cooperation amongst the nations in case of cross-cultural trade, inadequate cross-cultural competence remain the topmost reason behind organizational failure. Cross-cultural competence refers to the ability of an employee of one culture to develop an understanding about the employees coming from a different culture, and his ability to engage actively in conversation (both personal and professional) in a professional set-up[1] (Rozkwitalska 2010). Research has suggested that in a culturally diverse set-up, the employee s often lack the ability to comprehend, communicate with and effectively interact with the co-workers coming from different cultures. The difference in beliefs, ideological perceptions and norms not only affect an employees perception of its foreign worker, but can also influence his acceptability[2] (Vertamo 2014). Often the expatriate employees complain about lack of recruitment or promotional opportunity in a foreign set-up, which clearly shows the biased attitude influenced by cultural differences, as exhibited by the organization, as well as the cultural prejudices the expatriate employees are subject to. As far as cross-cultural interaction is concerned, linguistic differences amongst the native officials and the foreign officials, can be a major obstacle in smooth and effective interpersonal communication within the organization. Differences in cultural views and customs have been found to influence cross-cultural interaction in a negative way. Often, it has been observed, that the employees belonging to the egalitarian and individualistic nations, such as the US tend to voice their unfiltered opinions, attaching less importance to the organizational structure (Vertamo, 2014). On the other hand, the employees belonging to the collectivist nations, such as Japan tend to respect the organizational hierarchy, and get offended if a junior employee voices opinions before the senior manager can opine. Cultural barriers can always impede effective inter-cultural assimilation that in turn can certainly affect the motivation of the employees, and influence employee productivity in a negative way. Research has clearly shown the direct relation existing between effective cross-cultural interaction and employee motivation[3] (Johnson et al. 2006). Communication is a means by which employees express and exchange opinions, and engage in the decision-making process. Linguistic difference or difference in communication approach, caused by cultural differences, will always impede effective communication flow within the organization and affect the productivity growth. Hence, it has been recommended that companies in order to reduce the impact of cultural barriers on the communication style and process, should train the employees, especially the expatriate employees, in the native languages as well as soft skills. Proper cultural training needs to be imparted so that the employees do not face cultural prejudice, or encounter difficulty in assimilating a new, foreign culture in a new land. Similarly, the local staffs should also be trained so that they respect and appreciate the cultural differences, and try to cooperate with the expatriate employees, instead of discouraging effective communication. While cultural awareness and sensitivity need to be inculcated amongst the employees, as the same helps the employees become aware of cultural differences, and respect the same, cross-cultural intelligence nevertheless plays an equally important role in ensuring success of cross- cultural trade. The cross-cultural intelligence is defined as the ability of an employee to relate to culturally diverse situations, and work effectively, in a collaborative way with the individuals belonging to distinct cultural backgrounds. The importance of cultural intelligence lies in the fact that it allows the employees to gain a better understanding of cultures which in turn enables them to work in a positive and compassionate way with people belonging to different cultures. Thus, it is clearly evident that the intercultural intelligence is important as it creates in employees a more advanced knowledge of traditions, nationalities as well as the distinct corporate cultures and disciplines which are likely to have an impact on the business operation of a company[4] ( Thomas et al. 2017). In absence of cultural intelligence, the employees often lose job satisfaction and motivation, ultimately leading to organizational issues such as low retention rate, higher absenteeism and low productivity level. However, one of the most interesting and persuasive arguments forwarded in the articles, is the problem of ethnocentrism in cross-cultural trade. Often when the expatriate employees face problems in a new cultural set-up, the employees of the host country fail to analyse the problem objectively, and end up exhibiting a biased attitude. This lack of objective and transparent way of analysing the problem can easily affect the morale and motivation of the expatriate employee. Hence, the local staffs should be trained to eliminate the possibility of such culturally influenced decisions, while handling organizational issues involving expatriate employees. A news has been published in Marinelink on 25 Monday in the month of September in the year 2017. It has been written by Aiswarya Lakshmi (He will not be inserted as the name of the reporter as the name of the reporter was Aiswarya not Aishwarya) on September 8 of the same year. This new article is mainly depicting the news of the huge transport company of Japan called the Mitsui O.S.K lines or MOL establishing 2017 session of a project called 'One MOL Global Management College'. It was developed in the year 2014 with the sole aim of improvement of the different types of management skills in a cross cultural management. They also had a vision to develop the next generation of executives who will lead the MOL Groups global with proper cross cultural skills and knowledge[5] (Laxmi, 2017). They had invited 14 participants form 7 countries giving them an opportunity to meet and learn over the next four months. An interesting factor that was present in the project which aligned with the ar ticles provided was that it paid importance to energetic hand on sessions which focused on the themes of personal empowerment. This aligns with Johnsons article where he had stated that one of the most important model for cross cultural development would be the development of personal attributes like development of personal attributes, personal skills as well as development of cultural knowledge which would help in realizing ones own cultural features and at the same time provide respect, importance and interest in others culture being sensitive to the other culture. This would lead to personal empowerment as is influenced by MOL. This would help the individual to expand his horizon in cultural ideas and embrace all cultures with same importance as its own[6] (Stahl et al. 2015). This program had also helped in the establishment of different features for organizational management as well as strategic leadership. They also have stated that company besides promoting cultural confluenc e in workplace had also introduced MOL chart values which focus on companys values as well. The article by Rozwitalska aligns with it where the author had provided many organizational factors which culminated as cultural barriers. Mol has rightly taken the steps. They have also considered the organizational factors and have introduced strategies to handle the organizational initiatives to eliminate cultural barriers[7] (Pawloski and Bick 2015). Johnstons article has also shown how taking appropriate steps in managing institutional ethnocentrism so that it cannot impair an employees ability to work effectively with other national groups. Johnston has also mentioned about how proper leadership styles with ambition, courage, curiosity, decisiveness, enthusiasm, fortitude, integrity, judgment, loyalty, perseverance, self-efficacy, tolerance for ambiguity can also help in managing not only personal attributes but also multicultural teams successfully. Mol has also allowed the participant s to come with their own innovations to develop the company which aligns with their both the articles recommendations about reducing the cultural distance providing them the scope to feel respects and integrated in the organization. They have also influenced the participants to develop a sense of ownership and using the values if Mol charts to participate in decision making. Thus Mol group had tightly taken initiatives to manage cross cultural management for increasing productivity and reputation of their company. News had been published in Luxembourg Wort on Sunday 24th September on the year 2017 about the multiculturism where business leaders, industry experts and minister of family affairs Integration and the Greater Region Corinne Cahenhad come together for a meet. The matter was placed under the highlight of the American Chamber of Commerce in Luxembourg(Amcham) andThe Network. They have provided importance to the Diversity Charter Ltzebuerg, a private-public initiative, launched in 2012 in their discussion inviting companies being members from different industries[8] (Multiculturalism: Making Diversity Work In Business And Society, 2017). Kary Bheemaiah, consultant at Uchange and author of The Blockchain Alternative book in the discussion had stated that interdisciplinary pesreoctive is very important resfarsding about an idniviudual look at things and how different individuals assume it. The discussion had put importance of Hofstedes theory where they have stated that cross-cultural com munication and looks at how individuals' values and understandings of culture impact their behaviour this feeling of the panel members are very much in lieu with the Johnsons article which states that person aspects both at intra-individual as well as inter-individual or universal traits become important in assessing a persons outlook towards other culture. Rozkwitalska had also provided several individual rooted aspects which may act as cultural barriers and thereby may alter an individuals behaviour towards other cultures. The author had stated that making assumptions in cross cultural assumptions, possible Pygmalion effect, weak communication, ethnocentrism and others all lead to behaviour changes that may become insensitive to a culturally different people[9] (Mor, Morris and Joe 2013). The meeting had finalized that several training sessions hosted by Hofstede Centre-certified intercultural experts will be conducted in next six months staring form October 14 which will bring ou t initiatives to overcome such biasness of individuals and help organizational to overcome their cultural barriers. Johnston in his article had noted the comment of another writer that Cross-cultural training enables the individual to learn both content and skills that will facilitate effective cross-cultural interaction by reducing misunderstandings and inappropriate behaviors. Although Johnstons planned model is not followed in the initiatives but components of her model were introduced like proper formation and modification of Personal attributes and Institutional ethnocentrism. References: "Multiculturalism: Making Diversity Work In Business And Society". 2017.Wort.Lu. https://www.wort.lu/en/luxembourg/multiculturalism-making-diversity-work-in-business-and-society-59c538e556202b51b13c3b25. Johnson, James P., Tomasz Lenartowicz, and Salvador Apud. "Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model."Journal of International Business Studies37, no. 4 (2006): 525-543. Kersiene, Kristina, and Asta Savaneviciene. "The Formation and Management of Organizational Competence Based on CrossCultural Perspective."Engineering Economics65, no. 5 (2015). Lakshmi, Aiswarya. 2017. "MOL Launches 2017 Session Of 'One MOL Global Management College'".Marinelink. https://www.marinelink.com/news/management-launches429220 Mor, S., Morris, M.W. and Joh, J., 2013. Identifying and training adaptive cross-cultural management skills: The crucial role of cultural metacognition.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), pp.453-475. Pawlowski, J.M. and Bick, M., 2015. The global knowledge management framework: Towards a theory for knowledge management in globally distributed settings.Lead. Issues Knowl. Manag. Vol. Two,2, p.134. Rozkwitalska, Ma?gorzata. "Barriers of cross-cultural interactions according to the research findings."Journal of Intercultural Management2, no. 2 (2010): 37-52. Stahl, Gnter K., and Rosalie L. Tung. "Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship."Journal of International Business Studies46, no. 4 (2015): 391-414. Thomas, David C., and Mark F. Peterson.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications, 2017. Vertamo, Hannes. "Cross-Cultural Management." (2014).